Surface climate research focuses on understanding and predicting the weather patterns and conditions that occur at the Earth's surface. This research area examines temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind patterns, and other factors that influence the climate of different regions on Earth. Researchers study surface climate to better understand the impacts of climate change, natural disasters, and extreme weather events, and how they may affect ecosystems, agriculture, and human populations. This research is essential for informing policy decisions, developing adaptation strategies, and mitigating the effects of climate change.